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Template:Court


This template provides a custom, simplified citation scheme for court decisions. Requires {{Reflist}} for citations to work.

Documentation

This template is divided into different categories, depending on the court decision one wants to cite. Consult our style guide for more information on how to use it.

United States

When citing a court decision of the United States, invoke this template with <ref>{{court |jurisdiction=us |court= |plaintiff= |defendant= |url= |cite= |year= }}</ref>.

ESP Wiki follows The Indigo Book, a free content version of The Bluebook, the most widely used legal citation system in the United States.

We wish we could provide better American citations, but this is the best we can do.[note 1]

Supported courts
Code Issuing body Reporter Reporter abbreviation
SCOTUS Supreme Court of the United States United States Reports U.S.
CAFC United States Court of Appeals for the Federal Circuit (Fed. Cir.) Federal Reporter F. / F.2d / F.3d / F.4th
Template parameters
Parameter Description Type Status
jurisdiction Enter "us" to specify the appropriate citation style. boolean required
court The court you want to cite. Use the currently supported court codes from the above table. boolean required
plaintiff The name of the plaintiff as it is mentioned in the case. string required
defendant The name of the defendant as it is mentioned in the case. string required
url A URL that leads to the full text of the case or opinion. Prefer the libre CourtListener of the Free Law Project. If CourtListener doesn't have it, then resort to Justia. url required
cite The citation for the opinion according to The Indigo Book. Use the reporters specified by the above table. Do not cite to other reporters. The citation format is typically [volume] [reporter abbreviation] [first page]. Pincites are optional. string required
year The year of the court decision. string required
comment Any comment you would like to add regarding the opinion, e.g. "Mayer concurring" or "holding that software patents should be abolished". string optional
Examples
<ref>{{court |jurisdiction=us |court=SCOTUS |plaintiff=Alice Corp. |defendant=CLS Bank International |url=https://www.courtlistener.com/opinion/2679558/alice-corp-v-cls-bank-intl/ |cite=573 U.S. 208 |year=2014}}</ref>
[1]
<ref>{{court |jurisdiction=us |court=CAFC |plaintiff=Intellectual Ventures I LLC |defendant=Symantec Corp. |url=https://www.courtlistener.com/opinion/4299187/intellectual-ventures-i-llc-v-symantec-corp/ |cite=838 F.3d 1307 |year=2016}}</ref>
[2]

European Patent Convention

When citing an EPO Board of Appeal decision, invoke this template with <ref>{{court |jurisdiction=epc |title= |number= |code= |ecli= |date= |paragraph= }}</ref>.

Template parameters
Parameter Description Type Status
jurisdiction Enter "epc" to specify the appropriate citation style. boolean required
title The title of the decision, mentioned in parentheses. string optional
number The sequential judgment number of the court decision. string required
code The code of the decision. You can find it at the end of the EPO URL of the decision you want to cite (for example, for G 0003/08, the code is "ex" or "ex1"). This generates the corresponding links to EPC Board of Appeal case law. string required
ecli The ECLI identifier, the identifier of European court decisions. This generates the corresponding links to E-Justice (the portal to European justice). string required
date The date of the court decision. Use the YYYY-MM-DD format, e.g. "2022-03-15". Do not use other date formats. string required
paragraph The specific paragraph you want to cite. string optional
Examples
<ref>{{court |jurisdiction=epc |title=Programs for computers |number=G 0003/08 |code=ex1 |ecli=EP:BA:2010:G000308.20100512 |date=2010-05-12 |paragraph=10 }}</ref>
[3]

European Union

When citing a supranational court decision of the European Union, invoke this template with <ref>{{court |jurisdiction=eu |plaintiff= |defendant= |case= |celex= |ecli= |paragraph= |date= }}</ref>.

ESP Wiki follows the citation style defined by the European Court of Justice.

Template parameters
Parameter Description Type Status
jurisdiction Enter "eu" to specify the appropriate citation style. boolean required
plaintiff The name of the plaintiff as it is mentioned in the court decision. string required
defendant The name of the defendant as it is mentioned in the court decision. string required
case The case number of the court decision. string required
celex The CELEX number, the identifier of EUR-Lex documents. This generates the corresponding link of the court decision to EUR-Lex. string required
ecli The ECLI identifier, the identifier of European court decisions. This generates the corresponding links to E-Justice (the portal to European justice) and Curia (the website of the European Court of Justice). string required
paragraph The specific paragraph you want to cite. This generates a link to that specific paragraph. string optional
date The date of the court decision. Use the YYYY-MM-DD format, e.g. "2022-03-15". Do not use other date formats. string required
Example
<ref>{{court |jurisdiction=eu |plaintiff=Phoenix Contact GmbH & Co. KG |defendant=HARTING Deutschland GmbH & Co. KG and Harting Electric GmbH & Co. KG |case=C‑44/21 |celex=62021CJ0044 |ecli=EU:C:2022:309 |paragraph=13 |date=2022-04-28}}</ref>
[4]

Germany

When citing a court decision of Germany, invoke this template with <ref>{{court |jurisdiction=de |court= |date= |number= |anchor= }}</ref>.

ESP Wiki follows the German citation style as defined by the Guide to Foreign and International Legal Citations, p. 68.

Template parameters
Parameter Description Type Status
jurisdiction Enter "de" to specify the appropriate citation style. boolean required
court The court you want to cite. Use these abbreviations. string required
date The date of the court decision. string required
number Docket number of the court decision. string required
url A URL that leads to the full text of the case or opinion. Prefer openJur. string required
anchor The specific paragraph you want to cite. Only works with openJur. Unfortunately, the anchored paragraphs in openJur are automatically generated and do not correspond to the official documents. Do not use official paragraphs. string optional
Example
<ref>{{court |jurisdiction=de |court=BGH |date=2009-05-06 |number=KZR 39/06 |url=https://openjur.de/u/174828.html |anchor=20 }}</ref>
[5]

United Kingdom, Australia, New Zealand

When citing a court decision of the United Kingdom, Australia, or New Zealand, invoke this template with <ref>{{court |jurisdiction=uk/au/nz |plaintiff= |defendant= |court= |year= |number= |paragraph= }}</ref>.

ESP Wiki follows the citation styles as defined by the British and Irish Legal Information Institute, the Australasian Legal Information Institute, and the New Zealand Law Foundation.

Supported courts
Code Issuing body Region
UKHL House of Lords United Kingdom
UKSC Supreme Court of the United Kingdom United Kingdom
EWCA Court of Appeal (England and Wales) England and Wales
EWHC High Court of Justice England and Wales
HCA High Court of Australia Australia
FCA Federal Court of Australia Australia
NZSC Supreme Court of New Zealand New Zealand
NZCA Court of Appeal of New Zealand New Zealand
NZHC High Court of New Zealand New Zealand
Template parameters
Parameter Description Type Status
jurisdiction Enter "uk", "au", or "nz" to specify the appropriate citation style. boolean required
plaintiff The name of the plaintiff as it is mentioned in the court decision. string required
defendant The name of the defendant as it is mentioned in the court decision. string required
court The court you want to cite. Use the currently supported court codes from the above table. boolean required
year The year of the court decision. string required
number The sequential judgment number of the court decision. string required
paragraph The specific paragraph you want to cite. string optional
Examples
<ref>{{court |jurisdiction=uk |plaintiff=Aerotel Ltd |defendant=Telco Holdings Ltd, Telco Global Distribution Ltd & Telco Global Ltd |court=EWHC |year=2006 |number=997 |paragraph=10}}</ref>
[6]
<ref>{{court |jurisdiction=au |plaintiff=Re International Business Machines Corporation |defendant=Patrick Anselm Smith, Commissioner of Patents |court=FCA |year=1991 |number=625 |paragraph=7}}</ref>
[7]
<ref>{{court |jurisdiction=nz |plaintiff=Frucor Beverages Ltd |defendant=R T Fyers & Ors |court=NZCA |year=2001 |number=109 |paragraph=15}}</ref>
[8]

Notes

  1. ↑ The American judicial system restricts public access to court opinions in several ways: Firstly, federal court opinions are officially provided by PACER for a fee, despite being in the public domain. Secondly, the citations used de facto by courts are determined exclusively by reporters published in printed layouts by one unofficial private actor that restricts gratis access (a few states have tackled this problem by providing neutral citations). Thirdly, the most widely used citation style is encumbered by copyright. For all these reasons, ESP Wiki can neither automatically generate links to documents nor link to accessible pincites.

References

  1. ↑ Alice Corp. v. CLS Bank International, 573 U.S. 208 (2014).
  2. ↑ Intellectual Ventures I LLC v. Symantec Corp., 838 F.3d 1307 (Fed. Cir. 2016).
  3. ↑ G 0003/08 (Programs for computers) of 2010-05-12[EPO][E-Justice], ECLI:EP:BA:2010:G000308.20100512, paragraph 10.
  4. ↑ Judgment of 2022-04-28, Phoenix Contact GmbH & Co. KG v HARTING Deutschland GmbH & Co. KG and Harting Electric GmbH & Co. KG, C‑44/21[EUR-Lex][E-Justice][Curia], ECLI:EU:C:2022:309, paragraph 13.
  5. ↑ BGH, Urteil vom 2009-05-06 (KZR 39/06), § 20.
  6. ↑ Aerotel Ltd v Telco Holdings Ltd, Telco Global Distribution Ltd & Telco Global Ltd [2006] EWHC (Pat) 997 at [10].
  7. ↑ Re International Business Machines Corporation v Patrick Anselm Smith, Commissioner of Patents [1991] FCA 625 at [7].
  8. ↑ Frucor Beverages Ltd v R T Fyers & Ors [2001] NZCA 109 at [15].
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